The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF), ACLU of Virginia, and the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers (NACDL) have jointly filed an amicus brief urging the Virginia Court of Appeals to mandate search warrants for police access to Automated License Plate Reader (ALPR) databases. They argue that warrantless searches of this vast data trove violate the Fourth Amendment’s protection against unreasonable searches. The brief posits that the aggregate location data from ALPRs paints an intimate picture of a person’s life, movements, and associations, akin to cell-site location information which the Supreme Court has already shielded with a warrant requirement. Citing the immense scale of data collection on innocent drivers, the organizations contend that requiring a warrant is a necessary safeguard to prevent law enforcement from engaging in suspicionless mass surveillance of the entire population.